Distributed Energy

Operational & Maintenance Best Practices for Thriving in the Thermal Power Generation Sector

As the thermal power generation industry navigates the complex transition to a cleaner energy future, plant operators face numerous challenges in maintaining operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This presentation will address critical issues and provide actionable insights into Operation & Maintenance (O&M) best practices that ensure gas-fired plants remain viable and profitable.
Top Mistakes in O&M: Identifying common pitfalls such as delaying vital repairs and their impact on plant performance and safety.
Cost-Saving Strategies: Five practical ways to reduce O&M expenses while enhancing total asset performance.
Crafting a Long-Term O&M Strategy: Developing a robust strategy to manage operations amid the uncertainties and evolving regulations in the global thermal power generation industry.
The Role of Gas-Fired Plants in the Energy Transition: Analyzing the current debate surrounding the future of fossil fuels, with insights into the controversial statement by the Aramco CEO on the "fantasy" of phasing out fossil fuels.

Update on the Hydrostor's A-CAES Technology, Willow Rock Energy Storage Center

• Andrew McGillis, Senior VP of Engineering, Hydrostor

The energy market continues its transition to a zero-carbon future. However, for that future to be fully realized, long duration energy storage (LDES) solutions are a critical component.
Hydrostor, a leading long-duration energy storage solution provider, has recently submitted the CEC permit application for the 500 MW Willow Rock Energy Storage Center, which is an Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage ("A-CAES") system. The Willow Rock facility, once complete, will store enough energy to power up to 400,000 homes for over 8 hours. Additionally, it enables the closure of emitting fossil fuel generating stations and maximizes transmission system utilization. Additionally, Hydrostor has recently received a Network Service Agreement and a Long-TermL Energy Service Agreement from the New South Wales government for its 200-megawatt Silver City facility near Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia.
A-CAES uses commercially proven equipment and processes to provide affordable, large-scale and emission-free long-duration energy storage. This presentation provides an overview on the technology and its benefits, along with an update on the status of the projects and plans moving forward.

Echogen's Pumped Thermal Energy Storage System design for the Alaska Railbelt

Innovations in Redox Flow Battery Technology for Long Duration Energy Storage

Kraftblock's Thermal Energy Storage System, Applications in Power and Industrial Heat

More than half of the world's energy is consumed in the form of heat, and as much as two-thirds in industry. The fossil fuels used to generate this heat account for 40% of global emissions, one of the biggest levers in the fight against climate change. Kraftblock is an engineering and manufacturing company that addresses this issue and decarbonizes heat in industry, district heating and power generation. At the heart of its technology is a unique proprietary thermal energy storage system using a newly invented sustainable material that can withstand temperatures of 1,300°C. This storage makes electrification more flexible and affordable and allows industrial waste heat or CSP to be shifted to times of demand. Kraftblock systems are solutions for thousands of heat processes, from food production to the chemical industry to steel and non-ferrous metals. Currently under construction is a 150 MWh electrification storage project for PepsiCo in the Netherlands and a waste heat project for a steel mill in India. Details of the application of this technology on these projects will be presented, in addition to execution status.

AI Adding Value and Improving Power Plant Performance

In many industries, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become catchphrases in a growing chorus of unproven claims. The power-generation industry is no exception; marketing references to ML and AI are trending upward with few proven, real-world results to help asset managers and front-line operators improve plant performance. Geared for key decision-makers in CCGT asset management, operation and maintenance roles, this presentation provides real-world results showing how large scale data processing combined with machine learning technology transforms management decisions, reliability and asset value .

Implementing a Virtual Power Plant (VVP) Model to Improve Reliability and Performance: Lessons Learned

• Jim Finnerfrock, Mitsubishi Power Americas, Inc.

Improving Alarm Management in the New Digital World

By coupling the use of Big Data Management with advanced alarm and plant process analytics, the concept of appropriately reducing plant alarms can be facilitated for more effective plant operations, and reduced workload on operations staff.

Siemens Energy is employing multiple layers of advanced alarming strategies coupled with automated analytics to make the process of plant alarm optimization a virtually automated process.

Addressing the Impact of DERs on Transmission System - Ground Fault Overvoltages

The proliferation of distributed energy resources (DER) has created a new potential concern for temporary overvoltages (TOV). Two ways that DERs can cause TOVs include: load rejection overvoltages (LRO) and ground fault overvoltages (GFO). A GFO occurs when a single-phase fault occurs in a non-effectively grounded system resulting in a neutral shift where full line-to-line voltage is applied line-to-neutral. These events have a potential to stress equipment insulation and surge arresters. Load rejection overvoltages (LRO) occur when a distribution feeder containing a significant amount of DER and some equal or smaller amount of load becomes disconnected from the grid, resulting in a high generation to load ratio.

As DER penetration continues to increase in Xcel Energy's distribution system, there is a concern that substation equipment may be subject to LRO and GFO during certain transmission/sub-transmission system events. Specifically, when an unbalanced ground fault occurs, and the transmission system is not effectively grounded as a result of or after fault clearing.

This presentation will focus on the impact of DERs connected along multiple distribution feeders on Xcel Energy's transmission equipment. The presentation will describe the Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) model development, results of the ground fault overvoltage parametric analysis considering different DER penetration levels, different load types, and different DER operation requirements, analysis conclusions, and potential mitigation options.

The Future of the Nuclear Energy Landscape

Nuclear technology can deliver carbon-free baseload power to support a world experiencing significant load growth. However, the modern nuclear market often invokes more questions than answers because potential owners/operators face an unclear path forward on technology selection, fuel availability, regulatory strategy, and project completion tricks. This presentation will address the latest news in the modern nuclear industry, differences in technologies, and timelines for new nuclear projects. Even if you consider nuclear projects as relegated to the distant future, there are some near-term activities that will effectively position your organization for long-term success, including siting studies and preparation for an early site
permit, which do not require significant commitments or capital spend. The time is now to get ahead!

Status of Advanced Nuclear (Design, Licensing & Siting Considerations)

With the increased focus on decarbonization of the economy, there is growing consideration for the use of nuclear power in the electric utility, heavy commercial, and industrial sectors. Several smaller, modular type advanced nuclear reactors (including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and microreactors) are being designed which are expected to reduce installation schedules as well as capital and operating costs when compared to conventional gigawatt size power reactors. These advanced reactors are also designed with passive safety systems that require neither active components nor operator actions to respond in the event of an accident or malfunction at the facility. This presentation will first discuss the latest status of advanced nuclear power plant designs, including regulatory and licensing updates. Secondly, this session will examine the opportunity for utility and industrial facilities to deploy advanced nuclear reactors in support of required electrical and/or heating/steam demands; this will include discussion of initial feasibility and siting factors that potential users should evaluate when considering advanced nuclear deployment.

Choosing an Electrolysis Technology for Clean Hydrogen Production

While clean hydrogen can be generated via several processes, electrolysis has become a focus for the production of hydrogen from various sources of electricity, including solar, hydro, wind, and nuclear power. The primary electrolysis technologies are Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE), Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM), Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM), and Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC). The primary differences among these technologies are the electrolyte material, specific consumption, efficiencies, acceptable water quality, operation temperature, ramp rates, and properties of the hydrogen product. They also differ in maturity of technology, packaging of product, footprint, and costs. Depending on the specific application of a project, any of the electrolyzer technologies may be the best fit for a project.

This presentation will discuss the major differences and design considerations of the widely available electrolysis technologies and the opportunities for new hydrogen production plants to be integrated with existing electrical power supplies and systems. It will include a case study that evaluates the major electrolysis technologies to determine the most technically feasible and cost-effective one to utilize at two separate existing power generation sites. The available electrical power, land availability, and opportunities for integration within these two power generation sites are some of the critical categories evaluated in this case study.

The Promise of New Water Vapor Electrolyzers in Lowering the Cost of Production

Electrolyzers in the market today fall into two categories - hot and cold. Cold electrolyzers, like AEM and PEM, use electricity to split liquid water into hydrogen and oxygen. They are made from common materials, but require large amounts of electricity to coax a liquid into electrolysis. Conversely, hot electrolyzers like solid oxide electrolyzers work with eight-hundred degree superheated steam. By working with steam the electricity requirements are significantly lower. But, making superheated steam requires extra energy to 'step-up' industrial steam to the required temperature for electrolysis. And what's more, hot electrolyzers use delicate and expensive ceramics, driving up capital costs.

Industry needs a solution that marries the best of both worlds. Water vapor electrolyzers (like Advanced Ionic's Symbiotic Electrolyzer) work across a wide temperature range, above liquid water but below superheated steam. Operating today at 300C, our electrolyzers require very little electricity and can tap into steam already available in industrial settings. And what's more, our technology uses common and widely available components to keep capital costs low.

This presentation will focus on discussions of the current electrolyzer landscape, the needs of industrial hydrogen producers and consumers, and a technical overview of the capabilities and current development of water vapor electrolyzers.

Empowering Sustainability: Trystar's Innovative Renewable Microgrid Initiative

Trystar is an industrial manufacturer of power products and solutions located in Faribault, MN. With a new expansion to their manufacturing facility, the senior leadership team realized an opportunity to improve efficiency and sustainability plus reduce the overall impact on the environment, with a renewable microgrid. Defined as a self-contained power system, it incorporates solar panels, wind turbines, and advanced battery energy storage technology. Situated in the expansive Faribault manufacturing site, the microgrid optimally utilizes the unobstructed terrain, strategically placing solar panels on rooftops to maximize sun exposure and leveraging the flat landscape for wind energy generation.

Beyond its primary function of reducing Trystar's carbon footprint, the microgrid serves as a dynamic learning laboratory. Collaborative efforts between Trystar, system integrators, and utilities have driven the selection and integration of energy sources tailored to enhance sustainability and resilience. This iterative process ensures continuous improvement, with plans to expand and scale the microgrid, ultimately reducing reliance on conventional utility power and potentially enabling energy sales back to the grid.

Central to the microgrid's efficiency is its smart energy management system, which constantly monitors production and consumption, adjusting energy flow accordingly. Excess energy is intelligently stored in batteries during low-demand periods, while high-demand areas receive prioritized energy delivery, ensuring optimal resource utilization.

Beyond reducing the company's carbon footprint and enhancing energy independence and resilience, it promises significant cost savings in the long term. Anticipated to save 185,000kWh of conventionally-generated power in its first year alone, the microgrid's impact is equivalent to mitigating emissions from burning coal or oil. With an array of solar panels, wind turbines, a backup generator, battery storage, and electric vehicle charging stations, Trystar's microgrid exemplifies sustainable energy solutions in action, paving the way for a greener and more efficient future.

A Rapid-Response SOC-based Energy Buffering System for Support of Renewables

Prompted by widespread electrification and the proliferation of high-demand distribution-side loads, there is an ever increasing need for energy storage. Buffering mechanisms allow electrical energy to be stored during periods of abundant electricity supply and later released to service periods of higher demand. Moreover, the coordination of distribution-side energy storage technologies is needed, allowing for rapid response to accommodate dynamic regional power requirements as determined by the system operator. Unfortunately, modern electrical power grids are not designed to store substantial amounts of energy and even excess electricity generated by renewable sources such as wind turbines or solar panel arrays must be often curtailed. The use of lithium-based battery technology is limited since the associated cost is prohibitive for even modest amounts of storage. Enter HELIOS(TM), an energy buffering solution comprising flexible and reversible solid oxide cell (SOC) technology, advanced controls and cost-effective storage in the form of hydrogen gas or hydrogen-carrier fuel. We provide a detailed description of each aspect of HELIOS(TM), covering the central SOC technology which incorporate metal-supported structures to deliver resilient operation, a smart-hydrogen hub (SH2) element providing rapid-response controls of the SOC as well as an interface to the system operator, and energy storage options ranging from the use of existing natural-gas infrastructure to the use of liquid carrier fuels. Simulation results of demonstrating rapid response to system operator requests are provided. In addition, a techno-economic analysis is given to assess the economic viability of HELIOS(TM) in relation to competing technologies.

Case Study: Lessons Learned Through Implementing a Decommissioning and Demolitio

Case study discussing the decommissioning and demolition of the former PowerSouth Lowman Power Plant. The presentation will discuss the planning and implementation of the retirement and demolition of the Lowman Power Plant. Upfront planning and coordination were conducted with utilities' stakeholders (operations, environmental, energy delivery, communications, security, safety, management, etc.) to develop a decommissioning plan that was executed by plant staff following plant shutdown. The presentation will also include a discussion on how a decommissioning effort can be successfully conducted by remaining plant staff and the advantages of documentation during the decommissioning process to facilitate demolition execution.
Following decommissioning of the plant, PowerSouth and Burns & McDonnell worked together to manage project expectations and minimize change orders by developing a clear technical scope of work. This presentation will also include a discussion of the collaboration efforts as the project was converted to an Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) project with Burns & McDonnell operating as the Prime Contractor. We will present the general steps involved in the demolition process and necessary planning for a safe and successful project. The presentation will also highlight lessons learned in the execution and implementation of the project.

Permitting Carbon Capture Projects

• Amy Gozdowiak, Senior Environmental Associate, Sargent & Lundy

Permitting a carbon capture project involves unique and often challenging regulatory considerations which require significant time and money to address. For example, assessing air permit applicability requires an understanding of changes in emissions due to the carbon capture project and whether the proposed project will be considered a modification to an existing source or a separate standalone facility. However, due to the novel nature of some carbon capture technologies, changes to air pollutant emissions can be difficult to quantify during early project planning. Additionally, carbon capture projects often trigger the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which can take years to complete. It is tempting to rush into such a long lead item, however, starting before a project is sufficiently mature can waste the time and attention of federal regulators. This presentation will discuss recent lessons learned from permitting a variety of carbon capture technologies and will identify what considerations need to be taken into account at the start of project planning.

Decarbonizing Hydrogen Production with Solid Fuels and Biofuels Chemical Looping

For the HydrogeNext Sessions

B&W's innovative low-carbon hydrogen production technology called BrightLoop chemical looping can directly process a wide range of feedstocks, including solid fuels such as biomass or coal, into hydrogen with a separated stream of CO2 for sequestration, beneficial use or further processing. BrightLoop is a chemical looping technology that uses an innovative oxygen-carrying metal oxide particle. In addition to detailing the process and progress of development, bioenergy production with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) technologies will also be discussed, which can provide carbon-negative CO2 and power for eFuels projects. The presentation will include a general discussion of how these technologies correlate to available financial incentives for reducing the carbon intensity of power and fuel production.

Update & Implications of EPA's Electric Generating Unit's Greenhouse Gas Rule

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently drafted new greenhouse gas (GHG) standards and guidelines for electric generating units under the Clean Air Act Section 111. These rules target carbon dioxide emissions from both new and existing fossil-fired units, proposing the use of advanced technologies like carbon capture and hydrogen co-firing.
In this presentation, we dive into these rules, examining their requirements, objectives and potential impacts on the power industry. We employ a mixed-methods approach, combining regulatory analysis, stakeholder feedback and economic modeling to assess the feasibility, costs and benefits of compliance.

We compare these rules with other significant policy initiatives, like the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill, providing a broader context for understanding the potential implications of the EPA's new rules.

Our findings suggest these rules could significantly reshape the U.S. energy landscape, presenting both challenges and opportunities for the power industry. We discuss potential implications for the future of the power sector and the environment, highlighting the potential for these rules to drive innovation in the sector, spur investment in clean energy technologies, and contribute to the fight against climate change.

Finally, we propose directions for further research, including more detailed studies on the technical feasibility and economic viability of the proposed technologies, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the rules' impacts. Our study lays a valuable foundation for these future research efforts and contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the future of the U.S. power sector.

DOE Financing Beyond the Regional Hydrogen Hubs

While DOE announced $7 billion to launch seven Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs (H2Hubs) in October 2023 , there are additional plans for hydrogen hubs that were not selected. DOE's Loan Programs Office (LPO) is also available to support hydrogen projects through debt financing for Innovative Energy and Innovative Supply Chain Projects. LPO can support production, midstream infrastructure, and end-use projects, making it a flexible option.

The Economics of Small-Scale Hydrogen Pilot Projects: Challenges and Lessons Learned

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier that can help decarbonize various sectors, but its deployment is still in the early stages, especially for small-scale projects. While hydrogen pilot projects can showcase the potential of the technology and generate valuable data, they often struggle to achieve financial viability. In this presentation, we will explore the economic challenges of small-scale hydrogen pilot projects and the reasons why they often to not proceed past the feasibility stage. We will discuss the high capital costs and technical complexities of hydrogen production, storage, and distribution, and how they affect the economics of small-scale projects. We will also examine the regulatory and policy barriers that impede the growth of the hydrogen market, including the lack of incentives and support for early-stage projects, and the uncertain regulatory framework for hydrogen. Furthermore, we will analyze some case studies of small-scale hydrogen pilot projects and highlight the key lessons learned. Ultimately, this presentation aims to provide insights into the economics of small-scale hydrogen pilot projects and to suggest possible solutions to overcome the challenges and accelerate the deployment of hydrogen at scale.

The Development of a Commercialized Hydrogen Campus will fuel adoption

Renewable energy sources will play an essential role in future energy strategies due to the increasing demand for energy and the need to energize a path to net zero. With a hydrogen economy valued at $130 billion and estimated to grow 9.2% annually, production costs will decrease by 50% through 2030.

Currently, advances in the hydrogen vertical are from large international players who are awarded government grants to create regional clean hydrogen hubs. While the multi-national players have been awarded 7 billion dollars in funding, it will be up to entrepreneurs and start-ups to finance new hydrogen technology and innovations not imagined by the big conglomerates.

Q Hydrogen is investing and opening the first Q Hydrogen commercial campus in the U.S. based on new proprietary technology. A hydrogen campus will boost hydrogen fuel adoption and meet growing industry infrastructure needs. Companies will run their electricity from hydrogen produced on the campus in Groveton, New Hampshire.

Innovative commercialized hydrogen hubs by start-ups will scale job opportunities, improve energy security, and provide a pathway for company adoption of a clean energy alternative.

The presentation will discuss the need for hydrogen investment, technology creativity, and the viability of commercialized hydrogen campuses. What will change the hydrogen landscape will be hydrogen hubs financed by well-capitalized and inventive start-ups bringing technical innovation to the vertical.

Hydrogen Purity for Fuel and Liquefaction BOP Requirements

For hydrogen to be liquified or to be used as fuel, it needs to comply with certain purity In order to comply with applicable ordinances worldwide. The degree of hydrogen purity affects the cost of BOP. Learn the factors that affect hydrogen purification (oxygen, nitrogen, water and/or residual ammonia, depending on source) and the relationship between purity requirements and purification cost that makes the selected systems more CAPEX or OPEX intensive.

The journey to achieve 100% renewable energy community

• Ann Moore, Industry Principal - Power & Utilities, AVEVA

With 40K students and 24K faculty and staff on campus, University of California, Davis is a small grid by itself. With $20M of annual electricity spending, UC David has an aggressive goal to supply 100% renewable energy to campus by 2025. A significant component of achieving this goal is the 14MW solar farm which is the largest Behind-the-Meter (BTM) solar installation on a university in US. This installation creates an issue that also reflects the solar-heavy California electric grid: net demand is high in the evening hours when prices are high. In an effort to mitigate this, Facilities Management staff have created a framework of efforts to address this issue including industrial scale load shifting, demand response in fleet of buildings, battery backups, and campus eBus charging pattern and smart charging analysis, etc. This presentation will show how UC Davis has leveraged data and data-driven decision making to solve the challenges, generate the cost savings, improve the resiliency and reliability to step on the journey to achieve the 100% renewable goal.

Winter Preparation/EOP-012

Exploring fuel oil as an alternative during winter peaks

• Craig Burgett, Project Manager, Kiewit

In the United States, winter storms Uri (2021) and Elliot (2022) interrupted natural gas production by more than 15 billion cubic feet per day according to S&P Global Commodity Insights. These interruptions led to reduced natural gas availability across multiple regions nationwide, while record cold weather caused a surge in gas and electric demand.
During these winter storms, electric generation set or nearly set peak winter demands. Some generating units struggled to maintain operation due to restricted natural gas supply. Others were forced to shut down or purchase expensive natural gas during the supply restriction. One solution to mitigate a generating unit's exposure to natural gas supply and increased electric demand is to equip existing or new gas turbines with fuel oil burning equipment. Fuel oil can serve as a contingency fuel when natural gas supply is limited, or when the cost of natural gas surpasses the cost of using fuel oil.
In our presentation, we discuss the benefits of a collaborative project approach for fuel oil installations. This approach involves working together to develop the engineering design that will be used by the owner for the procurement of equipment and construction services. Attendees will gain insight into main drivers for installing fuel oil burning equipment, major equipment, key design concepts, the role of Geotech, communication strategies, action items tracking, supply chain impacts and more. This collaborative approach ensures a comprehensive understanding of the project, leading to efficient execution and successful outcomes.

DCS Logic Upgrades for Fuel Variability & Turndown

• Frank Fowler, Vice President, Business Development, SmartBurn, LLC

Variability in North Dakota lignite has long presented significant challenges for operations and NOx emissions compliance. In addition, successful operation in current power markets requires increasing operating flexibility, including operating at increasingly lower loads.
Standard DCS BTU compensation is often not adequate to address the inherent variability in coal, especially North Dakota lignite. BTU correction or compensation signals often vary with load, rather than with changes in coal heating value. This complicates operations for all coal-fired units. Cooling air or "tramp" air from burners or cyclones out of service becomes increasingly difficult as turndown increases. This results in higher combustion NOx and higher heat rates. Both of these issues are more difficult for cyclone units, where variation in fuel and air flows results in large variation in stoichiometric ratios in individual cyclones. The result is often increased cyclone slagging and poor cyclone slag tapping.
In this presentation, we will discuss improved BTU compensation and air flow logic that provides reliable cyclone SR control and improved emissions and efficiency at lower unit loads. The benefits are:
• Reduced operating issues and maintenance costs related to slagged up cyclones
• Reduced overall excess O2
• Reduced NOx emissions and urea or ammonia costs
• Lower stable minimum loads
• Increased boiler efficiency/reduced heat rates, especially at lower loads
We will explain the approach and present results based on case studies where these upgrades have been implemented.

Advancing Green Building with Solar Energy Integration

Multifamily residents earn around 52% of the average salary in the United States and as a result, they face energy burdens three times higher than people living in standalone homes. And until recently, there was no way for multifamily residents to access clean, affordable energy from their rooftops. Allume Energy's Solshare, a world-first technology, is unlocking solar energy for multifamily buildings, providing a solution to energy inequity.

In this session Mel Bergsneider, Executive Account Manager at Allume Energy, will explore the energy equity challenges around multifamily buildings and apartment renters in particular and what the unique barriers are to obtaining rooftop solar in multifamily properties. We will then discuss how this new technology solves these challenges and what the opportunities and challenges have been of implementation in the US.

Leveraging BIM Technology for Industrial Power Project Execution

Join us as we explore the transformative power of emerging technologies in industrial power projects. These innovations serve as a gateway to unprecedented opportunities, streamlining software, scanning, and data workflows, enhancing data accessibility, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders. These opportunities ultimately result in faster execution, higher quality, and under budget projects.
In an era characterized by relentless technological innovation, industrial power professionals face the challenge of navigating a complex landscape of options. The variety of advanced tools and groundbreaking platforms can be overwhelming, leaving decision-makers uncertain about which technologies will drive success in their projects. Moreover, the implementation of new technologies often requires significant investments of time, resources, and expertise, further complicating decision-making processes. In this presentation we will explore these issues and discuss solutions to minimize uncertainty while adopting new technologies.
Amidst this uncertainty, recent practices have emerged as guiding lights, offering proven strategies and solutions to revolutionize efficiency, communication, and collaboration within industrial power projects. By embracing these practices, teams can confidently navigate even the most intricate projects, leveraging technology to achieve unparalleled outcomes.
Prepare to be captivated by groundbreaking integrations tailored to the unique challenges faced by industrial power professionals. These integrations facilitate seamless sharing of large data files, point cloud management, enhancing accessibility and collaboration, and ultimately driving a dramatic improvement in project quality, efficiency and stakeholder satisfaction.
Don't miss this opportunity to unlock the potential of emerging technologies and propel your projects to new heights. Join us on a journey of discovery and innovation as we uncover the keys to success in industrial power projects.

Comparison of Hydrogen Jet Fire Modelling Techniques

As the world starts its progression to net zero, hydrogen is seen as a form of energy that is both transportable and flexible and can replace traditional hydrocarbon fuels. Hydrogen has been used for many years across a number of industries and its characteristics as a flammable fluid are well known, although the heat load from impacting hydrogen jet fires is less well characterised.
The heat load from a hydrocarbon jet fire impacting onto a pipe or vessel 'target' is well understood and there have been a wide range of experiments undertaken which have help validate computer models. There are standard jet fire tests for hydrocarbon fuels primarily used to test passive fire protection systems. The total heat load on a target is made up of a contribution of the radiative and the convective heat flux. The convective heat load may be higher for hydrogen fires due to the greater adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen and the increased storage pressure, and hence flow velocity, typically used for hydrogen. The radiative heat load will also differ as the combustion of hydrogen in air has emissions in the infrared range due to vibrationally excited water molecules and emissions in the ultraviolet range due to OH molecules. Hydrocarbon fires emit in the visible spectrum from the pyrolysis of carbon and in the ultraviolet range due to OH molecules.
This paper reports on a comparison of four large scale hydrogen jet fire releases impacting on a target, assessed using CFD modelling techniques. Two different CFD software packages were used to provide a comparison of the heat load on a target for the two modelling packages. The results were further compared to experimental data for the same releases for hydrocarbon jet fires allowing a direct comparison between hydrogen and hydrocarbon jet fires.

The Missing Data: Why Utilities of the Future Need Modern Automation

The current state of the energy utilities industry is one that can loosely be characterized by its lack of modern technology. Inundated with obsolete methods of data collection, inspection insights and automated workflow, utility providers continue to lag woefully behind other industries in terms of platform integration and modernization. In this session, Josh Reidy, CEO and Co-founder of Thread and their development partner Xcel Energy will explore the current state of the utilities industry, its lack of digitization and the necessary steps to propel the industry forward.

Josh and company will delve into the current state of our country's utility infrastructure and provide his insight on why providers have long accepted the status quo of utility industry standards In particular, they will critique the current limitations of asset inspection practices, which require manual labor, and are extremely hazardous and time consuming.

The audience will leave with a richer understanding of the inflection point the utilities industry is experiencing. Josh will provide actionable insights regarding how operators can incorporate the usage of real-time data, automation, and artificial intelligence, to bridge the gap towards digitizing the archaic industry, and the overwhelming positive effects such changes will have for utility companies, their distribution partners and their customers.

The Role of Life Cycle Assessments in GHG Emissions

Title: The Role of Life Cycle Assessments in GHG Emissions
Author: Timothy Eiden
Abstract:
The goal of the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is to model the global warming potential (GWP) associated with installing proposed full-scale integrated carbon dioxide (CO2) capture systems from cradle-to-delivered electricity or industrial product, often at existing power or industrial facilities. Emissions from energy inputs into the facility including fuels and electricity; combustion emissions at the facility; chemical production; construction of the facility and manufacturing impacts; transportation of all equipment, materials, chemicals, and fuels; carbon dioxide transport and saline aquifer storage; and, in the case of projects delivering electricity, electricity transmission and distribution emissions make up the scope of emissions studied for the LCA. The LCA model is typically developed in OpenLCA utilizing the pre-established National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) processes and supplemented by publicly available information. OpenLCA calculates GWP for each process in a product system and displays the results in kilograms (kg) of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions. This presentation will cover a case study on developing a LCA for a CO2 capture system and how the inputs, such as fuel source, distribution, etc. impact the overall GWP of the project.

Update on BIL/IIJA and IRA

Hydrogen: The Ultimate Solution for Energy Storage and Transport?

Hydrogen, a versatile energy carrier, holds the potential to revolutionize various sectors and applications. This presentation dives into the process of generating, storing and using hydrogen as an energy storage solution. We provide a comparison of different storage technologies, focusing on their scalability, efficiency and the expected capital and operational costs.
We discuss methods and technologies used to produce hydrogen from renewable sources and increase its density through compression. We examine the optimal pressure levels and techniques for different applications, along with the benefits and drawbacks of these pressure levels.
In our exploration of using hydrogen as a fuel for power plants, we consider efficiency, emissions, safety and compatibility. We discuss the process of converting hydrogen into usable energy, the emissions that result from this process, and the safety measures that need to be in place when handling and storing hydrogen. We also look at how compatible hydrogen is with existing power plant infrastructure and what modifications may be needed.
We foster a complete understanding of hydrogen's role and dispel misconceptions while highlighting safety concerns associated with hydrogen use in our industry. We provide examples of how these concerns can be addressed to ensure a safe and effective use of hydrogen.
Through this presentation, we provide an overview of hydrogen's potential as an energy storage solution, stimulating discussion and further research. We dive into the future possibilities of hydrogen, discussing how its versatility and potential for clean energy production can play a pivotal role in our industry's future. We conclude with a call to action, encouraging further exploration and innovation in the field of hydrogen energy storage.

OPTIMIZING CLEAN HYDROGEN HYBRID MICROGRID TECHNOLOGIES FOR GRID RESILIENCE

This hydrogen-powered, scalable power plant, capable of producing its own hydrogen on-site, has only recently introduced to the military and utility industry by RPW; it is designed for both "in front of the meter" and "behind-the-meter" applications. As a utility asset, it can provide low-cost spinning reserves (to counter-balance the effects of non-dispatchable assets) on utility distribution lines and has exceptional ramp-up speeds, behaving much like a diesel (but running on hydrogen - gray, blue or green). The hybrid configuration has been shown (in cyber-physical testing) to extend the life of a SOFC by better than seven times the typical useful life.
the HHM represents a break-through in hybrid technology for microgrid applications, in large measure
due to its advanced power controls, its safety (producing its own hydrogen at 50 psi) and its being
designed around a novel tightly coupled power production model, involving a pressurized Solid Oxide
Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a modified
NG turbine. It is capable of load-following, further enhancing its already high fuel efficiency. and
providing low-cost spinning reserves. A demonstration model is now being built for further testing
and refinement at the HyPer (Hybrid Performance) Lab at NETL in Morgantown, WV, due for completion
by the Third Quarter.

Solar-Powered Crypto Mining: Innovation, Sustainability, and Profit

The integration of solar energy into cryptocurrency mining represents a paradigm shift, harnessing renewable energy for digital asset creation. This presentation will articulate the intersection of solar power and crypto mining, providing a blueprint for operators and project managers considering such projects in their portfolios. Participants will gain insights into the technological innovations that make solar-powered crypto mining viable and the strategic planning necessary to implement these solutions effectively. The talk will dissect case studies where solar energy has been successfully utilized for crypto mining, emphasizing lessons learned and best practices in operations and management. Attendees will benefit from a deep dive into the economic and environmental advantages of this synergy, focusing on the potential for cost reduction, increased profitability, and energy independence.

The DeBary Green Hydrogen Project: A Step Towards Decarbonized Gas Power

• Marc Prasse, Senior Project Engineer, Sargent & Lundy

The DeBary Green Hydrogen Project is a first of a kind project that will use power directly from a neighboring Duke Energy solar PV facility to produce hydrogen via PEM electrolysis to be compressed and stored in gaseous form. This green hydrogen can then be blended with natural gas or fired at 100% in an existing, retrofitted GE Vernova 7E peaking gas turbine to produce decarbonized power. This power to power (P2P) project presents a unique opportunity for Duke Energy and other utilities to produce their own carbon-free fuel for later use in clean power generation. The project began planning and development in the middle of 2022, began construction in 2023, and estimated to be commissioned by the end of 2024. Once commissioned, this project is expected to be the first E-class turbine operating on 100% hydrogen.

Duke Energy will present their vision when developing the project and how the project fits into the future of their generating portfolio. The discussion will cover permitting, site selection, project development, selecting the team, and project execution. The presentation will also cover how Duke Energy plans to learn from the project once operational and the application of these learnings to future hydrogen endeavors.

Sargent & Lundy, performing the engineering for Duke Energy on the Project, will walk through the different systems on the project required to create a fully functional integrated system. S&L will share several engineering decisions and challenges that the project overcame and how the system will operate once commissioned.

The presentation will introduce specific opportunities and challenges that many hydrogen project developers are bound to encounter.

Guidelines and Best Practices for Explosion Venting in Energy Storage Systems

• Andreas Brandl, Chief Technology Officer, IEP Technologies
• Andreas Kerbl, Head of R&D Explosion Protection, HOERBIGER Wien GmbH

The potential hazards associated with battery energy storage system (BESS) containers have gained significant attention due to the risk of explosion that can result from the failure of a single battery cell. NFPA 855 acknowledges this risk and mandates the implementation of explosion protection systems in BESS containers. However, existing standards for designing explosion vents do not adequately address the unique geometries and battery module layouts in typical BESS containers. The dense arrangement of battery modules within these containers can exacerbate turbulence and explosion propagation rates, while also obstructing flow through traditional explosion vents. Consequently, there is a risk of explosion overpressures surpassing the container strength, even with venting systems in place.

The specific challenges of BESS systems, such as obstructions in the flame path, sub-volumes that are partially isolated and obstructed vent panel areas will be addressed by applying an engineering model to simulate explosion dynamics in a typical BESS container layout. The feasibility of utilizing established standards like NFPA 68 and EN 14991 to specify venting areas will be assessed by comparing model predictions with the design equations of these standards. Validation of the engineering models will be considered using data from experiments and/or detailed simulations. The results of the analysis will inform practical guidelines for designing explosion venting systems to effectively mitigate explosion effects and ensure safety. A best practice approach for explosion vent layout that introduces additional checks to NFPA 68 or EN 14991 will be suggested.

By addressing the limitations of current standards and leveraging modeling techniques, this presentation aims to enhance the understanding of explosion risks in BESS containers and provide valuable insights for designing robust explosion venting systems.

Diversifying Energy Storage Technology for the Energy Transition

In 2023, we saw an 89% increase in energy storage being deployed across all segments of the U.S. energy market compared to 2022. To meet our net zero ambitions for the power sector, annual additions of grid-scale battery energy storage globally must continue to accelerate. Energy storage is mission-critical to ensure renewable energy can be reliably dispatched across grid infrastructure to power an increasingly electrified world. While lithium-ion batteries have been the dominant technology, no singular energy storage will be responsible for this growth. Instead, there is a need for a variety of high-performance and reliable battery technologies - each curated for specific power system needs and environments.

In a session on grid-scale battery storage solutions, non-lithium battery pioneer Mukesh Chatter will discuss the challenges with lithium-based chemistries and the emerging needs of the power generation sector as it increasingly phases off of fossil fuels. He will present the case for scaling non-lithium battery storage technologies that conquer challenges such as toxicity, flammability, and affordability. He will explain how non-lithium batteries have the potential to provide clean energy in places that the predominant lithium-ion competitor cannot, such as wildfire-prone regions and densely populated cities and suburbs.